UNDERSTANDING THE KNOWLEDGE PIPELINE

Amidst the constant smothering of content, we are a mashup of what we choose to let into our lives. The Knowledge Pipeline helps you convert the data you consume into information, understand how to absorb more information, deal with information overload, and become more knowledgeable effectively.

Next time you’re out and about, take a look around you. Chances are, the people around you are consuming content that was created within the last 24 hours, if not the last hour. We’re surrounded by an overwhelming amount of content, but have you ever stopped to consider what you’re consuming? After all, we are what we let into our lives.

With so much data being created every second, it’s easy to get lost in the sea of information. Should you be reading books, listening to podcasts, scrolling through tweets, or joining Clubhouse rooms? Remember Clubhouse 😂

How do you filter out useless information and generate new ideas? And most importantly, how do you turn all of this data into knowledge?

🧠 That’s where the Knowledge Pipeline comes in. It’s a process of converting the data you consume into information and finally, knowledge. There are four major steps involved: data collection, data filtering, information conversion, and knowledge creation.

The Knowledge Pipeline is the process of converting the data you consume into information and finally knowledge. Pretty straightforward.

There are 4 major steps involved.

Data Collection
Data Filtering
Information Conversion
Knowledge Creation

In this article, we’ll dive deeper into each of these steps and learn how to create our own Knowledge Pipeline. I’ve even included my own process at the end of the article. So if you’re interested in building your own Knowledge Pipeline, keep reading!

To get started, we need to understand how the process works. What do I mean by data collection and data filtering? While it may seem obvious, there’s more to these steps than meets the eye. My definition of each step may differ from what you’re used to, so I encourage you to read on with an open mind.

I must note that this is not a scientific process but rather a method I have observed and read about that I believe holds true.

In this article, I am hoping to answer the below questions:

How do you absorb more information?
Can you retain information?
How does information convert into knowledge?
Is there a way to learn more effectively?
How to deal with information overload?
And most importantly, how do you become more knowledgeable?

THE KNOWLEDGE PIPELINE

Let’s start by thinking about how you create knowledge. Knowledge is being aware of a subject in terms of facts through experiences or learning. The human brain acquires knowledge through a lot of different mediums — reading, studying, practising, and experiencing.

This knowledge stays for a longer period if you keep repeating it over and over again. In doing so, you create a stronger neural connection with your ‘knowledge’ on the subject.

Your goal when you’re acquiring knowledge is

Deep Knowledge – going deep into one subject
Broad Knowledge – going wide into multiple related or unrelated subjects that you could connect with existing knowledge.

So would you consider watching the news or being updated with the most current scenarios in the world as knowledge? In my opinion, that’s being well-informed. And that’s where the difference comes into place between knowledge and information.

Information is created from data. IT IS refined data. And data is everything that is occurring in the world. You’re consuming data through your senses. Everything you see, hear, ask, and feel, that’s data for your brain. So you can imagine how much data we are consuming!

You are only as knowledgeable as the source of your data.

Let’s go back to the Knowledge Pipeline diagram. Let’s break it down. Component by component.

DATA COLLECTION

These are your inputs in the Knowledge Pipeline. The data you consume. It’s everywhere. It’s everything.

Whatever you sense is input. All the things your eyes see. All the things you hear.

I am using the words ‘see’ instead of perceiving and ‘hear’ instead of listening. And that makes a difference. You choose what you want to listen to. And as such, you can choose what data you want to collect. These ‘points’ of data that you choose become your data nodes.

There is a wide category of nodes you can collect data from

Social Media – Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Tik Tok, Facebook (are people still on Facebook?)
Audio – Clubhouse, Podcasts, Radio
Video – YouTube, TV, Movies, News
Books, journals, magazines, email, newsletters. blogs
Conversations, phone calls, Whatsapp, group texts, chats

Yes, even conversations are data nodes. You learn so much from the people you network with. There is a truth behind the saying, you are an average of 5 people you are close to.

I was thinking about this the other day while watching a movie on adventure sports (I couldn’t keep a straight face when I read that sentence but I did watch a documentary on adventure sports, called Magnetic). The people in the movie were living their life to the fullest and never discussed money. I was wondering if I have any friends like that. I don’t!

All my friends mostly have corporate jobs or work in technology. So my thought process is the same as theirs. I cannot imagine not going to work or just being fine with the money I already have, taking a year or two years break, following my passion, or travelling. Chilling. Living. And that’s one thing I absolutely love about Tim Ferriss. Yes. Tim Ferriss. If you follow his newsletter or podcast, he has recommendations from people from so many different fields and vivid experiences. You develop a lot more when you can absorb people who have had a different journey as compared to you. Our initial idea in starting WTH!? (my podcast) was this, learn from other people’s journeys. Though, we might have lost track of our initial mission. Similar to this article. So let’s get back on track.

A lot of inputs. So much data. So many data nodes. Do you collect everything? Maybe.

Here is a list from Matt Swain on how to choose what data to take in and what to avoid.

1. Have a goal of not knowing things – this helps you collect a lot more data. If you go in with a curious mind, you will collect a lot more.

2. Seek out long-form content – the books or articles that take greater than 30 minutes to consume. A lot of thought goes into those (most of the time). I am in no way undermining the thought that goes into a 140-character tweet but you will learn a lot more when you consume long-form articles.

3. Credentials matter but not too much – see who you are consuming data from but don’t make it your only filter. More details on data filters later.

4. Be less certain of your own opinions – the fewer people know about a subject, the more ignorant and sure they are about that subject. The more people know, the more they realize what they don’t know and they have more doubts. Amateurs know what they know; experts know what they don’t know. It’s called the Dunning-Kruger effect.

DATA FILTERING

When you have a lot of data nodes, your data filters become very important. How are you filtering out all the incoming data? We are humans, not machines. There is practically no way, you can take everything as input to your Knowledge Pipeline.

When you have a tremendous amount of data nodes, you are taking in noise along with the signal. How to tame the noise? I have provided details in the latter part of the article, so keep reading. But for now, let’s understand why it is necessary to know the difference between noise and information.

Nassim Taleb has an incredible explanation in AntiFragile, “noise drains you minute-by-minute. If you consume information and noise simultaneously every minute, you will find yourself draining more. Because the feeling of loss is more than the feeling of gain. If you reduce the amount of noise, the probability of you gaining good news increases so the fang of negativity is reduced. Seek signal, not noise.

So how do you filter out the noise?

Who are the people you are following on Twitter? What channels have you subscribed to? How many newsletters have you signed up for? Do you watch the daily news? How many books do you read? Who do you read?

I have three filters defined in the Knowledge Pipeline.

The Waste Plug – these are the plugs that stop the garbage from coming in. You filter away the trash here. You don’t need this data, people, or channels in your life. At the moment.
Algorithmic Filters – these are the filters that are applied by the systems/search engines that you utilize and they use algorithms to filter out things they think are irrelevant to you. You cannot do a lot about this but the algorithm learns this about you from your own behaviour.
Human Biases – these are the mental biases that you hold that won’t let garbage (or good stuff) in.

Let’s tackle each one of them

THE WASTE PLUG

I follow only a few channels on YouTube. These are the channels that I enjoy watching. Everything else, I have unsubscribed. Same with Instagram. Twitter. I do sign-up for a lot of newsletters. But only keep the ones that I have tested and enjoyed.

I have put a plug on the things I consume. I won’t let anything and everything in. Whatever I consume is curated, things that I enjoy, and things that I learn from as my end goal is to learn.

We live in the age of the internet. There is so much to consume! You possibly cannot consume everything. So, put a waste plug — don’t let waste in.

How do you find what to consume? The Chain of Suggestions

Here is how it works.

Take recommendations from people you already like or whose recommendations you enjoy
Give that recommendation in 2 weeks. I have found that usually if I don’t like something, the first time I view/listen/watch it, I know it. But second chances are good. 2 weeks is ample time to consume old episodes/articles and know if you like it or not
If you don’t like it, unsubscribe. This is crucial. Don’t let the algorithm think for a minute that you like it.
In case you like it, dig deeper. Find recommendations from this new recommendation and see if you find something else.

The Knowledge Pipeline - The Chain of Suggestions by Tapan Desai — *The Chain of Suggestions*

One of the reasons I love podcasts. A host that you love inviting a guest to their show is usually them showing that they trust and like the knowledge the guest will share. Each guest for a podcast that you enjoy is a thinker that you will also like most of the time. It’s a strong link in the chain.

But for things you don’t like, don’t give them any space in your newsfeed or inbox. Don’t read a single notification. Just remove it. The Waste Plug Filter and Data Collection kind of go hand-in-hand. You can filter out waste when you’re collecting data. More on that later.

However, I would like to recommend a special data node that you should most definitely filter out as part of the Waste Plug.

NEWS.

Don’t let any news through. The only use of news is to make small talk before a zoom call. If you don’t know the latest news, the other person will talk about it anyway. In that case, you just say, ‘oh I didn’t know! Tell me more. Small talk is done.

The current news cycle doesn’t even last 24 hours. It’s not worth your mental bandwidth. Try it. Stop reading, listening, and following news channels. See if it makes a difference. I bet it wouldn’t unless you’re a journalist.

Read books, avoid news.
— Naval (@naval) June 2, 2020

INFORMATION OVERLOAD

Let’s take a minute to discuss Information Overload. I would say Information Overload is a by-product of not having good data filters. Yes, you can also reduce the number of data nodes. But to be knowledgeable, you need data from a wide variety of sources. You can make better use of filters to avoid information overload.

You feel a lot happening when you try to be on top of everything. That’s Information Overload. But why? Before the internet, people survived without knowing everything, all the time. Why can’t you? It’s okay not to know what meme is currently trending. About the storm in Australia. Or the elections in the US. And the pandemic deaths in Africa. Even the blast in Iraq. Realistically, how does it affect you?

Sure, if you’re living in the states and the incoming President’s immigration policy directly affects you, that’s fine (still someone will inform you of the news). But if you’re living in Chembur, why do you care if Trump wins or Biden? Or did 100 people die in a fire in Sydney? You don’t have 24 hours of water.

Start with the news. Yes, with the news again. I absolutely think that current news is garbage. Then unfollow people that don’t spark joy. Mary Kondo the fuck out of them (if it includes me, go ahead. Do your spring cleaning). Then unsubscribe from YouTube channels. Podcasts. Email newsletter. Do it one by one. Don’t let any of them pass through the Waste Plug.

Information Overload can be avoided with good Data Filters. You consume only selected channels through selected mediums. It will work.

ALGORITHMIC FILTERS

These are the filters that companies such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, and so on, apply to you. They are your recommendations. “You will also like”. “People also purchased”.

These might be things that you might like but the technology doesn’t want you to see them because it thinks you won’t like them. They filter it out for you.

If you’re a Biden supporter, you won’t see Trump ads. If you don’t believe in climate change, it won’t show you videos relating to the glaciers falling in Antarctica. Vegans are not recommended videos of freaky meat-eaters.

Are algorithmic filters good? They work similarly to the Chain of Suggestion. Because Google thinks you liked Mark Manson’s Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck, it will also suggest James Clears Atomic Habits. It’s recommended based on what you have already consumed. It is helping you filter out the garbage.

But is it really garbage? It’s important to hear the other side. For the most part, I think these are useful filters. It’s not that if you are a liberal, you will one day suddenly change your mindset and support the conservatives. But it’s important to at least hear the other side.

I usually search for the other sides as part of my research on a topic. This is one of the filters that you have to get used to because it is going to stay and you can’t change it. Might as well change your behaviour.

HUMAN BIASES

The third and last filter is human biases. As we grow up, we have formed our own set of biases. So, even though we are consuming the data, we are filtering out information without even realizing it.

Let’s take authority bias as an example. A guy in a suit tells you to short Gamestop. A guy wearing a headband with the name DeepFuckingValue says he sees value in Gamestop, go long. Who do you go with? This is your personal bias. Some might go with the guy in the suit, and some who absolutely hate authority would go with the headband guy. Some might just sit on the sidelines and regret not going with either of them. Authority Bias says, people usually go with the suit.

Another bias that filters out information is Social Bias. You see a post with 1000 shares and a post with 15 shares. You will go for the post with 1000 shares. Does it mean the content is good? Maybe the person had more followers. Out of the 1000 shares, only 14 actually read the article.

Then there is the First Conclusion Bias. Charlie Munger says, “the human brain functions as a sperm and an egg – it shuts as soon as the first sperm enters.” You filter out data when you reach a conclusion. Is the data you are filtering out important?

Filters as really important. Yes, getting data from obscure sources is important but your filters will determine if you’re taking in garbage or gold.

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INFORMATION CONVERSION

Now you have all the filtered data that you are consuming but are you capturing this data? Are you storing the information?

Data is worthless if you are unable to convert it into information. How do you convert it into information?

Here comes the part which people don’t think is important but is crucial.

Bookmarks
Watch for later
Noting
Audio-notes
Organization

Spotify recommended you an amazing song from an artist you have never heard about. You loved the song but are confident that you won’t remember the name of the artist. What do you do? Usually, we add the song to our playlist. This is essentially creating a playlist for everything you consume on the internet.

It is storing everything that has come through your filter which you think is important. If your filters are good enough, there won’t be garbage.

Austin Kleon writes in Steal Like an Artist, ‘An artist is a collector, not a hoarder’. You choose what to collect, what you think is important. But make sure you collect. This is how you retain information.

Take notes when you’re reading a book and stumble upon something interesting. Write your thoughts when you’re on a walk. When your favorite YouTuber publishes a video on a topic you have never heard about, bookmark the video and write the important stuff. When one of the creators is talking on Clubhouse and he is spewing knowledge, document it!

Here are my notes from Jim Kwik’s Clubhouse recently.

Clubhouse Notes for Jim Kwik

Documenting everything that you consume is important. This sets you apart from the average consumer of data. You are converting the data into information for future use.

Just things that you find are important and see yourself using in the future. Something that you will thank yourself for nothing down 3 years later.

Hoarders collect indiscriminately, artists select collectively
Austin Kleon

One other important thing you could do is store all this information in your second brain. It is a central repository of all your bookmarks, notes, and documentation which you can go back to whenever you want. I talked about this previously in my article on ‘some life skills not taught in school’.

In summary, if you don’t store the data you have consumed, it will just be data. It will never be converted into information.

KNOWLEDGE CREATION

You have absorbed data, filtered it, and converted it into information. Now, we create knowledge. Out of thin air. Not really. But mostly.

Knowledge is piecing and connecting information, you have collected till now into a coherent thought. It’s linking various ideas from different subjects and creates a latticework. You reflect. Think. Build mental models.

Some ways you can create knowledge

SMART NOTES

Work on creating notes which are based on the ideas or thoughts you have collected in the Information Conversion stage. Link all this information together. If you have taken notes in the Information Conversion, when you take smart notes from them, you will start making connections that you wouldn’t have noticed previously.

In one of David Perell’s videos on Youtube, he talks about imitating and then innovating. It is a brilliant idea. You try to imitate first. You imitate your heroes, your mentors. Ali Abdaal talks about imitating Peter McKinnon initially. Pretty sure, there are a lot of people trying to imitate Ali Abdaal at this point. But as you imitate, you will find your own personality doing it. You will learn you can’t imitate 100% and you will plug your shortcomings with your own style. This is how innovation will occur.

A few months later, I was reading Steal Like an Artist by Austin Kleon. He talks about the Beatles and how they started by doing covers of other bands. And then he drops this quote.

Those who do not want to imitate anything, produce nothing
Salvador Deli

I wouldn’t have made the connection if I hadn’t taken the notes months apart. Heck, I wouldn’t even remember. I know it’s not a big thing but if in the future, I have to write an article about creativity, I have two good starting points. And the knowledge that creators start somewhere, they start by imitating.

WRITING

I have covered writing in so many articles at this point. Writing makes you think. You will identify gaps in your knowledge that you are then able to plugin better. This entire article is the culmination of multiple articles which I documented during the Information Conversion phase. I assembled whatever I had read but then I found so many gaps which I had to go and plugin during writing. It’s a beautiful skill.

As David Allen once said, “Minute-to-minute and day-to-day you don’t have time to think. You need to have already thought.”

With writing, you would have already thought. Write in a journal. Write in the captions. Tweet. Make a blog. Write in your note app. But write somewhere.

I have heard from many friends that they can’t write. It’s not that they can’t write. The issue is they don’t start. Start small. Don’t buy a domain, write 3 things that made you smile today.

TALKING

When you talk to someone about an idea, you are essentially putting your thoughts on the subject into words. It’s similar to writing. As you speak, you will find gaps in your knowledge.

Talking to someone also generates more ideas based on their input. This goes back to the Data Collection piece – you will gain more data as you talk to more people. It’s like a feedback loop!

Hence, you must keep good company. You should talk to people from whom you can bounce ideas and get their opinions.

You can also share things that you are wondering about on social media. It’s talking as well but a different kind of talking. Let them know what you are wondering about. Let them wonder with you.

THINKING

As Austin Kleon says, your best ideas come out when you’re bored. Thinking in silence is really important. You will form ideas based on what you have read, listened to, and spoken about.

We spend so much time on our phones every day. That’s not sitting and thinking. Be a philosopher. Wonder. That’s thinking.

When you’re doing something that has your attention, you won’t be able to think. Set some time aside to sit. Do nothing. Meditate.

And when you are creating knowledge, you also have the answer for how to learn effectively. When you have gathered data from different sources, filtered only useful information, captured it in your system, and thought about it – you have learned.

“I rarely have good ideas. To overcome this limitation, I think about one topic (like habits) for an unreasonable amount of time. Then, I revise, revise, revise until only the best stuff remains. It’s slow, but it works. You can either be a genius or you can be patient.”
James Clear

Becoming a genius is thinking, reading, and writing about the same thing. Patiently.

David Perell talks about it in one of his articles, “you can create an outline by collecting your most relevant ideas from books you’ve already read, conversations you’ve already had, and evergreen notes you’ve already written. Like alchemy, the article’s structure comes together organically once you’ve compiled enough ideas.“

It’s just like alchemy. Once you have started capturing information and creating knowledge, not just articles, but ideas will come together organically. You will learn.

So, that’s how knowledge is created, at least that’s what I think, and we have finally gone through the Knowledge Pipeline. Great job sticking around. But we are not done yet.

Let’s answer the question, how do I become more knowledgeable? The obvious answer is you create more knowledge. But if you have understood the knowledge pipeline, you know knowledge creation is the last piece of the puzzle but is hugely dependent on the previous pieces.

HOW DO I BECOME MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE?

Based on the Knowledge Pipeline, the more data you take in, the more knowledge you can generate. It’s like putting an ad for a job on the internet and interviewing every candidate or putting the ad, screening, and interviewing a select few. The outcome might or might not be similar. But one of them is going to take a lot more time.

I usually face this issue where if I take in more data, I am just distracted all the time. Imagine being on so many social channels, trying to read everything, listen to all the podcasts, newsletters, and so on! It drives me up a wall.

This is like broadening the Knowledge Pipeline – the broader the pipe the more data can come in. Keep in mind, same as in the interview, you will need that much time to convert the data to knowledge.

No one can consume so much data and more importantly, more data doesn’t always mean more knowledge. Remember, garbage in, garbage out. If you’re taking in the garbage, you will spew out the garbage.

However, you do need to increase the data you’re consuming to be more knowledgeable. That’s how the pipeline works, no? You broaden it over time. One data node after the other. And while you do that, you improve your data filters. Because that’s what is going to make the difference.

IMPROVING DATA COLLECTION

You can be more knowledgeable by

Consuming data from good sources – quality over quantity
Capturing information from obscure sources – wandering away from mainstream
Spending time creating knowledge – this is more about putting in the reps than shortcuts

Let’s discuss the first two points in detail.

QUALITY OVER QUANTITY

A solution could be, broadening the pipe but strategically. Be on a lot of different data channels but don’t follow everyone. Use newsletters. Reddit. Twitter. Clubhouse. Books. Conversations. Do all of those but don’t do it with everyone. Not everyone is interesting. Be selective. Remember, you’re a collector. Not a hoarder.

Austin Kleon gives an amazing tip in his book, Steal Like an Artist

“Pick a thinker, chew on their ideas and study everything from that thinker. And then move to three another thinkers that the first thinker likes. If you try to study an entire subject, you’ll choke”
Austin Kleon

The Chain of Suggestions!

Go for quality rather than quantity of people you follow. Once you find someone whose idea resonates with you, study everything they release. And then move on.

WANDER AWAY FROM MAINSTREAM

Another strategic way to improve the quality of data is to look for sources that no one is looking at. Wander away from the mainstream.

If you only read the books that everyone else is reading, you can only think what everyone else is thinking.
Haruki Murakami

There’s an article by David Perell talking about types of consumers. There are three categories of information consumers

The Diggers – they hold the key to Pandora’s box. They operate under their own intellectual gravity.
The Tourists – borrow fringe ideas, clean them up, and bring them to mainstream consciousness. On one hand, they’re pulled by the pursuit of success and the weight of responsibility. On the other, they’re spurred by the quest to invent and the yearning to explore.
The Masses – The Masses operate within clearly-defined, well-mapped territories. They march to the beat of the establishment and operate within traditionally defined hierarchies. The Masses treasure safety and predictability

If you want to think differently, stay at the edge. Follow the diggers – they know where the wild things are.

Cal Newport who is the author of Deep Work has a brilliant quote.

In our current techno-cultural moment, we’re constantly connected to a humming online hive mind of takes and urgency, and quantified influence. I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve been told I was missing out because of my absence from this scrum. I needed to “build my brand,” or be exposed to more interesting people and important ideas, or plugged into the tick-tock of the big events of the day.

But it’s also clear to me that much of my deepest work came from periods of relative disconnection; when I was living a life defined largely by the demands of my young family, a big stack of books, a deep leather chair, a few hours a week in front of new students on an old university campus, and endless miles walking and thinking — often in the woods.
Cal Newport

And that’s the Knowledge Pipeline. I trust you will be able to figure out wisdom from here.

MY KNOWLEDGE PIPELINE

DATA COLLECTION & FILTERS

Books – my go-to source of information. I pick topics that I find interesting and try to read as much on the topic till I am bored. Here are my recommendations.
YouTube – my digital go-to source of information. I pick a topic that I find interesting and try to watch as much on the topic as I am bored or distracted by Parks and Rec clips.
Newsletter – they have quickly become my go-to source of information. The newsletters are usually well thought of and the creator tries to showcase their best work in the email. I have subscribed to a lot of newsletters. But an important thing to note is, you have to manage them. If you don’t clean your inbox every 2 days, there will be a lot of clutter. My newsletter recommendations are on this page, below the books.

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Twitter – my quick source of information. I did not realize until recently but this is how I get most of the news. The funny part is, Twitter knows it before things go mainstream. My favourite handles are listed on this page, below the newsletter.
Blogs – are an incredible source of information. Follow the right people and you will stumble upon incredible information. My favourite bloggers also have their own newsletters.
Podcasts – Podcasts are great, you can pick a topic and binge on the podcast for hours. I don’t think a lot of people realize how to listen to podcasts – it’s okay to not pay attention all the time. You could drift in and out.
Movies/TV: I watch a lot of documentaries. Drama, thrillers, and comedies don’t do it for me. And yes, I take notes if I find something interesting. I know. That’s why I am single. It’s a huge list of documentaries so message me if you need recommendations.
Conversations – blessed with a bunch of curious minds who I have the option of calling friends.

I am brutal at unsubscribing and unfollowing. If I don’t like something or some creator is not as interesting as they used to be, I unfollow/unsubscribe without a second thought. It’s the only way you can keep your filters functioning. In addition, my notifications are off for most of the applications. This gives me time to consume data properly instead of being distracted between multiple applications, all the time.

I make it a point to Google the other side of the argument, in most cases. If I am lazy, I will just text a friend who I know will have a different opinion.

I also have a running list of my mental models and biases. I don’t remember all of them at the back of my mind but I have reflected enough to know which of the biases are always there when I am thinking.

INFORMATION CONVERSION

I use Notion as my second brain. I have given some details on my Notion database in this article. If you need more details, let me know.

Essentially, I take notes on everything in Notion. Categorize these notes. Revisit them and put them in my second database called ‘ZettelKasten’ (which is again in Notion). The Zettels in the ZettelKasten are then linked together with each other as parent and child.

If you think about it, everything I consume, I go over it thrice. I know it’s a lot of work. Worth it? We will find out.

THE KNOWLEDGE PIPELINE – HOW TO CREATE KNOWLEDGE, THE SMART WAY?

THE KNOWLEDGE PIPELINE

DATA COLLECTION